A significant part of the museum's collection shows the originality of the culture and life of the Terek and Don Cossacks. A century ago, more than 90% of the population of the village of Charyshskaya belonged to the Cossack estate. The village, which has existed on the site of a Cossack outpost for more than 250 years, has amassed a rich history, which is visible through numerous exhibits.

Among the museum's rarities are a dozen hand-woven embroidered towels, icons, dishes and kitchen utensils of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Peasant sundress and three-meter patterned belt with tassels. Tablecloth of 1913 with the image of the royal coat of arms and the inscriptions “300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty” and “God save the Tsar”. 18 samovars, three dozen old bells, almost one and a half hundred pre-revolutionary coins and paper money. Over a hundred archaeological finds ... The guide's hour-long story about the history of the region begins with the period of hoary antiquity. On the basis of the museum, schoolchildren of Charyshsky even go through part of the curriculum "Introduction to Archeology".

In addition to ethnographic and archaeological collections, the museum has a nature hall (fauna and minerals of the region) and an exposition about the war of the twentieth century. There is space for changing themed exhibitions, souvenir and handicraft fairs.